A letter of guarantee is widely used in business practice as a tool for confirming intentions, demonstrating readiness to perform obligations, or maintaining trust between parties ...
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Criminal liability represents the most severe form of legal response by the state to an individual’s conduct, which is why the boundaries of its application require particularly ...
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Budget offences occupy a special place within the system of public law liability, as they affect not only financial discipline but also the stability of the state’s public obliga...
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Interim measures play a critical role in judicial proceedings, as they are designed to preserve the practical effectiveness of future court decisions. However, Professor Gabriel St...
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Appellate review occupies a special place within the system of judicial protection, as it is at this stage that a real opportunity arises to correct errors made by the court of fir...
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Administrative liability occupies a special place within the system of public-law enforcement – it is applied faster and more flexibly than criminal liability, yet it is capable ...
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Abuse of corporate procedures is increasingly used not as a tool of governance, but as a mechanism of internal pressure – against partners, management, minority participants, or ...
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The internal redistribution of functions within a company is often perceived as a purely managerial measure that does not require legal reassessment – the organisational and lega...
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In legal practice, the issue of liability for management and corporate decisions that were adopted in full compliance with formal legal procedures yet resulted in an unfavourable e...
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The loss or absence of evidence confirming managerial will is increasingly becoming a decisive factor in legal disputes – particularly in corporate conflicts, cases involving exe...
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