Copyright in commercial circulation increasingly extends beyond the classical understanding of an intangible asset – the results of intellectual activity become part of transacti...
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Optional protocols occupy a special position within the architecture of international and supranational legal safeguards – they do not establish new substantive rights, but signi...
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A charge in criminal or administrative proceedings is not merely a formal statement of the prosecution’s position, but a complex legal construct whose quality directly determines...
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Information requests are widely used in criminal, administrative, and civil proceedings as a means of obtaining data relevant to a case. Professor Gabriel Steiner notes that it is ...
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The aggregation of crimes remains one of the most complex categories in criminal law qualification, as it requires a precise distinction between a single continuing act and several...
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A letter of guarantee is widely used in business practice as a tool for confirming intentions, demonstrating readiness to perform obligations, or maintaining trust between parties ...
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Criminal liability represents the most severe form of legal response by the state to an individual’s conduct, which is why the boundaries of its application require particularly ...
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Budget offences occupy a special place within the system of public law liability, as they affect not only financial discipline but also the stability of the state’s public obliga...
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Interim measures play a critical role in judicial proceedings, as they are designed to preserve the practical effectiveness of future court decisions. However, Professor Gabriel St...
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Appellate review occupies a special place within the system of judicial protection, as it is at this stage that a real opportunity arises to correct errors made by the court of fir...
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